travel chat @ spaceless.com

MSG 159694: I.cue (200.92.118.23) - Sat, 21 Jun 2008 20:45:37 +0100
there are sciences that understand 0`s completly and thoroughly,
MSG 159975: I. Q. (189.164.57.252) - Fri, 11 Jul 2008 19:41:33 +0100
Introduction to Social Epidemiology
The study of social conditions and how these influence and determine the health situation of populations has always been a subject of interest and importance for public health in general. In recent years, a stronger tie between epidemiology and the social sciences has been forged,(1) promoted by the need to recognize and document the wide spectrum of health determinants, from a micro level where individual biological factors operate, to a macro level that expresses social conditions in which populations live. This endeavor has given birth to so-called “social epidemiology.”

The principal concern of social epidemiology is the study of how society and different forms of social organization influence the health and well-being of individuals and populations. In particular, it studies the frequency, distribution, and social determinants of the states of health in a population. Thus, social epidemiology goes beyond the analysis of individual risk factors to include the study of the social context in which the health-disease phenomenon occurs.(2)

In order to explain the path between exposure to social characteristics of the environment and its effects on public health, social epidemiology enriches the traditional epidemiological approach with concepts and techniques from social disciplines such as economics, sociology and demography ,as well as biology. This fusion of techniques from different fields creates a methodological challenge. Examples of development in this field include the growing use of methods of multi-level analysis in ecological design, control of the ecological fallacy and the use of new applications of already known tools and techniques.

A constant and current concern in the global sanitary landscape is the presence of inequalities — particularly social inequalities — in health. Social epidemiology makes it possible to incorporate the social experience of populations in the traditional etiological approach to public health and, as a result, permits a better understanding of how, where and why inequalities affect health. In this regard, social epidemiology can contribute significantly to the health management process and the reduction of inequities in health.
MSG 159976: I. Q. (189.164.57.252) - Fri, 11 Jul 2008 19:44:25 +0100
Social epidemiology is the study of how social interactions—social norms, laws, institutions, conventia, social conditions and behavior—affect the health of populations. This practical, comprehensive introduction to methods in social epidemiology is written by experts in the field. It is perfectly timed for the growth in interest among those in public health, community health, preventive medicine, sociology, political science, social work, and other areas of social research.
Topics covered are:

Introduction: Advancing Methods in Social Epidemiology
The History of Methods of Social Epidemilogy to 1965
Indicators of Socioeconomic Position
Measuring and Analyzing ′Race′
Racism and Racial Discrimination
Measuring Poverty
Measuring Health Inequalities
A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Segregation and its Association with Population Outcomes
Measures of Residential Community Contexts
Using Census Data to Approximate Neighborhood Effects
Community-based Participatory Research: Rationale and Relevance for Social Epidemiology
Network Methods in Social Epidemiology
Identifying Social Interactions: A Review, Multilevel Studies
Experimental Social Epidemiology: Controlled Community Trials
Propensity Score Matching Methods for Social Epidemiology
Natural Experiments and Instrumental Variable Analyses in Social Epidemiology
and Using Causal Diagrams to Understand Common Problems in Social Epidemiology.
"Publication of this highly informative textbook clearly reflects the coming of age of many social epidemiology methods, the importance of which rests on their potential contribution to significantly improving the effectiveness of the population-based approach to prevention. This book should be of great interest not only to more advanced epidemiology students but also to epidemiologists in general, particularly those concerned with health policy and the translation of epidemiologic findings into public health practice. The cause of achieving a ‘more complete’ epidemiology envisaged by the editors has been significantly advanced by this excellent textbook."
—Moyses Szklo, professor of epidemiology and editor-in-chief, American Journal of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University

"Social epidemiology is a comparatively new field of inquiry that seeks to describe and explain the social and geographic distribution of health and of the determinants of health. This book considers the major methodological challenges facing this important field. Its chapters, written by experts in a variety of disciplines, are most often authoritative, typically provocative, and often debatable, but always worth reading."
—Stephen W. Raudenbush, Lewis-Sebring Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago

"The roadmap for a new generation of social epidemiologists. The publication of this treatise is a significant event in the history of the discipline."
—Ichiro Kawachi, professor of social epidemiology, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard University

"Methods in Social Epidemiology not only illuminates the difficult questions that future generations of social epidemiologists must ask, it also identifies the paths they must boldly travel in the pursuit of answers, if this exciting interdisciplinary science is to realize its full potential. This beautifully edited volume appears at just the right moment to exert a profound influence on the field."
—Sherman A. James, Susan B. King Professor of Public Policy Studies, professor of Community and Family Medicine, professor of African-American Studies, Duke University
MSG 160003: martin aguero gallo (200.92.107.93) - Sun, 13 Jul 2008 00:22:38 +0100
THE RELIGION OF SCIENTOLOGY: A DESCRIPTION

Scientology comprises a body of knowledge which extends from certain fundamental truths. Prime among these truths:
Man is an immortal spiritual being.
His experience extends well beyond a single lifetime.
His capabilities are unlimited, even if not presently realized.

Scientology further holds man to be basically good, and that his spiritual salvation depends upon himself and his fellows and his attainment of brotherhood with the universe. In that regard, Scientology is a religious philosophy in the most profound sense of the word, for it is concerned with no less than the full rehabilitation of man′s innate spiritual self — his capabilities, his awareness and his certainty of his own immortality. Furthermore, as religion deals with the spirit in relationship to itself, the universe and other life, and is essentially the belief in spiritual beings, Scientology follows a religious tradition that is at least as old as mankind. Yet what Scientology ultimately represents is new. Its religious technology is new, its ecclesiastical organization is new, and what it means to the 21st century is entirely new.

At the heart of Scientology lie its axioms that precisely define the fundamental laws and truths of life, including who we are, what we are capable of, and most importantly, how we might realize our native spiritual abilities. These axioms form the foundation of a vast body of wisdom that applies to the entirety of all life. From this wisdom has come a great number of fundamental principles people can use to improve their immediate lives, as well as to achieve spiritual immortality. In fact, there is no aspect of life that cannot be improved through the application of Scientology principles.
MSG 160035: X CUE (189.164.56.212) - Tue, 15 Jul 2008 21:49:02 +0100
The World needs to know this:

In the first few days of 1916, Charles Hatfield and his brother Joel finished construction of a twenty-eight foot tower beside Morena Dam reservoir, about 60 miles east of San Diego. Atop the tower were galvanized steel evaporating tanks, ready to be filled with a secret chemical cocktail of Charles′ design. He had been hired by the San Diego city council to fill the near-empty Morena Dam reservoir, and was offered $10,000 to put it at capacity. Charles Hatfield was known as a Rainmaker, though he referred to himself with the much more scientific-sounding title of "Moisture Accelerator."

Mr. Hatfield was infamous in America for his rain-making efforts, with enough high-profile "successes" to offset the failures (though whether he was causing the rain or just skillfully predicting it was a subject of lively debate). By the time the San Diego city council hired him, he had already been experimenting with rainmaking chemicals for about thirteen years. Just after the new year, the Hatfield brothers filled the evaporating tanks beside Morena Dam reservoir. Smoke and fumes wafted skyward, and within a few short days, the rains poured. And poured, and poured.

Throughout January, the sky gushed water almost daily. Rivers flooded, bridges washed away, and dams burst… an estimated 20 people were killed in the destruction. "I entered into a contract with the city," Hatfield responded to the press after the rains subsided, "and it was up to the city to take the necessary precautions." The city council refused to pay him, implying that if he collected his $10,000 fee, he would be admitting responsibility for the destruction and deaths, and would be liable for lawsuits. Despite his best efforts, he never squeezed a single dime out of the city council. He continued his rainmaking career elsewhere with mixed success, but ultimately had to give it up when the Great Depression struck in 1929, and he went back to his old job as a sewing machine salesman. The secret of his rainmaking formula died with him in 1958.

Earth′s weather is an incredibly complex machine which is influenced by countless factors, large and small. It is feasible that mankind could exert forces to deliberately alter the weather, but such localized influence would have unpredictable results. Despite this, Charles Hatfield was not the only person to claim success with rainmaking machines.

Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who was trained by Sigmund Freud himself. Because some of his writings were disagreeable to the Nazi party, he fled Austria for Norway, and boarded the last boat to leave for the US before the war in Europe broke out. He held a strong conviction that the universe was filled with a primordial cosmic energy called Orgone, which was responsible for effects as diverse as the weather, gravity, and human emotion. He even enlisted the help of Albert Einstein to try to prove his Orgone theory, and Einstein′s findings reinforced Wilhelm′s belief in the primordial energy.

In 1940, he constructed devices intended to concentrate and focus orgone energy– called orgone accumulators– and claimed that they could be used to cure cancer and other illnesses. He also created some orgone-focusing "Cloudbusters" which resembled anti-aircraft guns. He claimed that these were able to manipulate streams of orgone energy in the atmosphere, affecting the weather by forcing rainclouds to form and disperse at his will.

In 1956, Reich was imprisoned for continuing to market the orgone accumulators as a cancer cure, despite an injunction placed by the Food and Drug Administration. Just one day before he was to due to apply for parole, he died of a heart attack in prison. No scientific journals printed an obituary, but TIME magazine printed the following:

Died. Wilhelm Reich, 60, once-famed psychoanalyst, associate, and follower of Sigmund Freud, founder of the Wilhelm Reich Foundation, lately better known for unorthodox sex and energy theories; of a heart attack in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, Pa; where he was serving a two-year term for distributing his invention, the "orgone energy accumulator" (in violation of the Food and Drug Act), a telephone-booth-size device which supposedly gathered energy from the atmosphere, and could cure, while the patient sat inside, common colds, cancer and impotence.
Despite science′s rejection of his ideas later in life, Reich′s influence is still strongly felt in psychotherapy today.

Researchers still explore methods to wring moisture out of the sky, but their methods are more orthodox than Dr. Reich′s. Introducing some silver iodide or dry ice into clouds is known to reduce cloud density, and is thought to increase precipitation. But much like the observers of Charles Hatfield and Wilhelm Reich, it is impossible for observers today to know how much rain would have fallen without intervention, so the effectiveness of such methods remains in question.
MSG 160070: I cue (189.164.56.212) - Thu, 17 Jul 2008 19:05:32 +0100
love(+) & hate(-)
MSG 160095: i cue (189.164.56.212) - Fri, 18 Jul 2008 21:44:16 +0100
female sex is simple: rewardMent (+) & punishMent(-).
MSG 160307: i cue (200.77.6.13) - Wed, 06 Aug 2008 08:36:28 +0100
i`ll tell you what people........making justice is hard work.
MSG 160352: eye cue (200.77.29.229) - Wed, 13 Aug 2008 06:04:24 +0100
words are a w o r d s
MSG 160472: football for thought (200.92.108.250) - Wed, 20 Aug 2008 18:34:05 +0100
en el mundial de francia en el año conocido como 1998 la usa, no contaba con un portero.
MSG 160499: i cue (200.56.176.8) - Fri, 22 Aug 2008 03:46:23 +0100
good old greek systems are always a continual happy day
MSG 160516: gordon greko (200.92.116.117) - Fri, 22 Aug 2008 19:10:17 +0100
legal systems are supposed to also have this "matrix" that protects their legislators from negative insecurities
MSG 160556: Jura (195.93.21.10) - Tue, 26 Aug 2008 17:34:26 +0100
My quote of the day from Katherine Whitehorne of Arthur Wellesly when accosted ravelling incognito.

"But anyone who really believes that information kept by officialdom will only ever be used for our good should remember the reply given by the Duke of Wellington to a man who said "Mr Jones, I believe?" and was told "if you believe that you′ll believe anything".
MSG 160612: i cue (200.92.124.162) - Thu, 28 Aug 2008 17:54:16 +0100
i`ll tell you what people........making justice is hard work
MSG 160631: eye cue (200.92.91.211) - Fri, 29 Aug 2008 19:02:57 +0100
i`m for a campaign that is all about the troops and not about some famous foreign land
MSG 160632: I cue (200.92.91.211) - Fri, 29 Aug 2008 19:06:06 +0100
It`s a campaign about the troops and nothing else.
MSG 160712: i cue (200.92.108.72) - Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:50:37 +0100
The Jewish tribe in the Sates is the most successful "Muslim" tribe in the United States of America.

Your full of Apaches and Cherokees.
MSG 160716: t cue (200.92.108.72) - Thu, 04 Sep 2008 01:23:16 +0100
...."of the people that would keeps u.s. on our knees".....
MSG 160715: t cue (200.92.108.72) - Thu, 04 Sep 2008 01:23:16 +0100
...."of the people that would keeps u.s. on our knees".....
MSG 160745: i cue (200.56.189.64) - Thu, 04 Sep 2008 19:00:47 +0100
A constant and current concern in the global sanitary landscape is the presence of inequalities — particularly social inequalities — in health. Social epidemiology makes it possible to incorporate the social experience of populations in the traditional etiological approach to public health and, as a result, permits a better understanding of how, where and why inequalities affect health. In this regard, social epidemiology can contribute significantly to the health management process and the reduction of inequities in health.

...education

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